How To Swing A Metal Detector For Success

When swinging a metal detector, proper technique is essential. if you hold the coil too high above the ground depth is lost. If you swing the coil to quickly, you may miss a valuable target. And if you walk too quickly, you may pass over a target.

I like to think of the coil as a paint roller. Pretend that your coil is loaded with paint,
and that you're trying to paint the ground that you're walking across. As you slowly
sweep the coil back-and-forth across the ground imagine paint being applied.
You're trying to paint the entire area you were trying to cover. If you can imagine
the paint, you should be able to cover the entire area without missing a single spot.

As far as the height above the ground goes, you want to hold the coil as close to the
ground as possible. Obviously, if you're working in tall grass you're maybe 3 or 4
in. above the ground. On the other hand, on a smooth flat beach surface, you can
easily skim the coil right over the sand. Remember, the higher the coil is above the
surface the more depth you will lose. If they've got a old coin that is 6 in. below the
surface, and your detector can detect 8 in., and the coil is 3 in. above the ground,
you will miss that target. If the coil had been directly upon the ground you would be
able to detect that target.

For walking speed, remember the paint rollerr analogy above. As long as you are
painting the entire surface of the ground and not missing any spots, you are not
walking too quickly. However, if you find that your imaginary paint is missing areas,
you need to slow down your pace.

I have used this technique successfully to find lots of gold coins, valuable jewelry,
and other rare finds. The hope you find this technique improves your success rate.

Dean Novosat is an avid treasure hunting and can often be found metal detecting the beaches of the mid-Atlantic United States. He uses Minelab equipment exclusively, but you will also find Garret and Fisher detectors in his arsenal. He is the webmaster of http://www.treasure-metal-detecting.com and http://www.metal-detector-info.com.

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3D Graphics = 2D Graphics + Third Axis + Many Techniques

Going beyond flatland (2D graphics) is more of a challenge than merely adding another axis. Many techniques are applied together to map the high expectations of mind onto the 2D displays. To render a 3D scene, techniques such as shaping, shading, textures, lighting, reflections, hidden-surface removal, perspective projections are employed.

Shaping is the first step in 3D technology. A 3D shape can be constructed using basic geometry (polygon, simplest being triangle), mathematical modeling (equations), or graphics techniques like lofting, lathing and extrusion where a 2D object is moved over a well-defined path in 3D space. A warping technique, deformation grid, is also used. The result is usually a wire-frame model.

Shading is then used to provide skin to wire-frame model. Flat shading model is the crudest technique that does no smoothing. Gouraud shading, a smooth-shading technique, creates color gradients based on the location of an object's face with respect to a light source. But the technique lacks, sharp highlights and shadow casting. This problem is solved using another smooth-shading technique called Phong shading which is based on how we perceive the colors. It uses ambient, diffuse and specular optical properties of the material of which the 3D object is made up of.

Texturing is next step towards achieving realism of 3D object. While the ray-traced rendering use optical properties of the material, the non ray-traced rendering use mapping i.e. overlaying bitmaps over surfaces of object to create a realistic texture. Texture maps, bump maps and reflections maps are fundamental map types.

Hidden-surface removal algorithms like Z-Buffer algorithm and perspective projections are employed to create the real effect of relative positioning of objects in the 3D world.

3D visualization is different 3D graphics as the former provides interactivity as well. A user can navigate through the virtual world by changing the scene viewpoint or maneuver objects by applying operations like translation, rotation and scaling.

A 3D animation is another buzz which is basically a sequence of frames rendered at rate greater then Perception of Vision (20 frames/second).

The 3D world specified as vertices, after various transformations, is rasterized and display. This process constitutes the graphics pipeline. The graphics pipeline has following stages:

• World Transformation
• View Transformation
• Projection Transformation
• Clipping and Viewport Scaling

Syed Feroz Zainvi has obtained M.Tech. (Comp Sc & Engg) degree from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (INDIA). His areas of interests are distributed computing, computer graphics and Internet Technologies. Currently, he is involved in Software Project Planning, Development and Management. His other interests include writing for magazines and contributing utility softwares on Magazine's CDs. He also have flair for teaching computer science with new teaching methodologies. He maintains his computer science notes at http://computer-science-notes.blogspot.com

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